If you are an Enlisted servicemember and facing a separation board, it is called an Administrative Separation Board. If you are alleged to have committed misconduct, you are not automatically entitled to a separation board. The only way you are entitled to a separation board is if your command team is recommending you be discharged with any discharge status lower than General OR if you have more than six years of service.
Common examples of servicemembers not being entitled to a separation board is if they have less than six years of service and they fail a UA or get a DUI. At that point, the command team is really not looking to rehabilitate any servicemember, so they will often separate the servicemember with a General discharge because it is the fastest route for the command team to get the servicemember out of the formation.
Separation Board 